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| Duties of the Heart ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Chovot HaLevavot
Chovot HaLevavot, or Ḥobot HaLebabot (Hebrew: , English: Duties of the Heart), is the primary work of the Jewish philosopher Bahya ibn Paquda, full name ''Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda''. Ibn Paquda was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who is believed to have lived in Saragossa, Spain, in the first half of the eleventh century.〔
It was written in Judeo-Arabic (but in Hebrew characters) approximately in 1040 under the title ''Kitab al-Hidāya ilā Fara'id al-Qulūb'', ''Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart'', sometimes titled as ''Guide to the Duties of the Heart,'' and translated into Hebrew by Judah ibn Tibbon in the years 1161-80 under the title ''Chovot HaLevavot''. There was another contemporary translation by Joseph Kimhi, but its complete text did not endure the test of time.〔
== Organization and influences ==
The Duties of the Heart is divided into ten sections termed (''she'arim'') "gates", corresponding to the ten fundamental principles which, according to Bahya's view, constitute human spiritual life.〔 This treatise on the inner spiritual life makes numerous references to both Biblical and Talmudic texts. It draws on the contemporary Sufi Islamic influences〔 present in his contemporary Medieval Spain and also to the Classics (translated by the school of Hunayn bin Ishaq).
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